Apple was accused of employing a marketing gimmick recently when it announced a new 64-bit processing core for the A7 ARM chip, which powers the new iphone 5S. The benefits of moving to 64-bit processing o mobile devices aren't yet clear, but that hasn't stopped other ARM chip makers from lining up to mention their own 64-bit plans. Nvidia announced several years ago that it had licenced ARMv8 technology to build its own 64-bit core, and the time draws near when that endeavor will come to fruition. Tegra could finally be ahead of the pack.
All of Nvidia's current and past ARM chips have used CPU designs licenced directly from ARM Holdings, which are then paired with Nvidia's custom ultra low-power GeForce GPU. Together these components make up the Tegra system-on-a-chip (SoC). Tegra 4 uses the fastest ARM-designed cores currently available - the Cortex-A15 - but even with these top-of-the-line cores Nvidia is at a disadvantage thanks to custom mobile CPUs.
Apple and Qualcomm both design their own CPU cores based on ARM instruction set, which they pay a pretty penny to licence. Apple stepped it up to the ARMv8 set with the Cyclone CPU core in the A7, while Qualcomm is still focussing on ARMv7 with the Krait 400 core (but it is expected to announce an ARMv8 based core soon). It's a lot of work to design a CPU core rather than just licence one directly from ARM, but 64-bit is only the most recent example of how a custom core can help a company iterate and add new features. For example, Qualcomm's custom chips can dynamically change clock speed on each core based on system load. Nvidia had to jury rig an extra companion core in Tegra to handle low-power tasks.
It's believed that Nvidia started work on ARMv8 back in late 2010 or early 2011. If true, the company could possibly have a samples so called "Project Denver" 64-bit processing core ready in early 2014 as part of the Parker SoC. This is actually two generations past current ARM chips. Tegra 5 (code name Logan) is expected to hit devices in early 2014, position to move quickly toward this SoC and cut Tegra 5's run a bit short. Although, Parker was slated for a 2015 release the last time Nvidia spoke about it.
No one can deny that Tegra 4 is a much more competitive chip than the Tegra 3 was last year, but Qualcomm's custom Krait cores design iteration have allowed it to nearly take over the Android device ecosystem. There are only a handful of devices announced with Tegra 4 chips, one of them is Nvidia's own Shield console. Meanwhile Snapdragon 600 and 800 power almost every high-end smartphone and tablet from 2013.
Over the last few years, Nvidia has no doubt poured many millions into Project Denver and Parker SoC. Qualcomm is surely working toward a64-bit chip down the road, but the company has been tight-lipped about future plans. The last thing Nvidia wants is for the market leader to beat it to ARMv8 with 64-bit. Whether or not 64-bit has real utility on mobile devices running 32-bit software, getting this right could set up Tegra for undeniable success, a distinction that has so far eluded it.
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